Hardware
Functionality: A hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple computers or devices in a network. It broadcasts data packets to all connected devices, regardless of the intended recipient.
Intelligence: Hubs are not intelligent; they don’t filter or manage traffic, leading to potential data collisions and slower network performance.
Layer: Operates at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model.
Performance: Can lead to network congestion due to all devices receiving all packets, even if the packets aren’t meant for them.
